Africa’s energy landscape is defined by a paradox of abundance amidst deprivation. A continent rich in renewable resources, yet many don't have access to reliable electricity or clean cooking. Bridging this gap is not only a technical challenge; it is a question of strategy, equity, and transformation. This publication introduces a Theory of Change (ToC) designed to help turn potential into progress. Developed to guide the work of Bread for the World and Germanwatch, it offers a structured, systems-oriented framework for advancing a just and inclusive energy transition across Africa. Rather than offering a fixed blueprint, the ToC is meant as a common reference point – one that supports collaboration, strengthens collective efforts, and helps navigate the complexity of renewable energy development. At its core is a commitment to ensuring that Africa’s energy transformation drives not only decarbonization, but also economic opportunity, empowerment, and climate justice.
